Data sources
Every reference dataset behind the tools, and what it actually is. Some of this data is the publisher’s own figures; a good deal of it is curated approximation built so the calculators behave realistically. The difference is stated here and on each tool page, and it is also returned in the provenance field of every API response. See the methodology for how these labels are defined.
32 datasets are catalogued below.
Illustrative (1)
Curated estimates produced so the calculators behave realistically. They approximate the named publisher’s figures but are not those figures, and should not be cited as them.
| Dataset | Publisher | Vintage | Refresh | Used by | Last verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Climate normals climate_normals Curated national-average climate normals with a modelled seasonal cycle (cosine temperature curve, raised-cosine rainfall), approximating 1991–2020 climate-normal-style figures. Not a direct Copernicus/NOAA download; large countries are represented by a single national average, which understates internal climate diversity. | Copernicus / NOAA climate normals | 1991–2020 approximate | Not refreshed | Retired — endpoint sunset 2027-02-28 | 2026-08-29 |
Derived (3)
Computed by us from a real source using the stated method. The inputs are genuine; the values shown are our calculation, not the publisher’s published table.
| Dataset | Publisher | Vintage | Refresh | Used by | Last verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earnings, hours and minimum wage earnings_data Hours worked and minimum wage are ILOSTAT's published figures. The earnings percentiles are NOT published earnings percentiles: they are a lognormal fit to World Bank PIP's median and Gini, which measure per-capita household welfare rather than individual employment earnings, so they sit below a full-time salary for the same country. | ILOSTAT (hours worked, minimum wage); World Bank PIP (income distribution) | Per-country most recent ILOSTAT observation | Automated fetch | 4 tools | 2026-09-12 |
Income percentiles by country income_percentiles Decile thresholds fitted with a lognormal to PIP's published median and Gini. PIP publishes decile shares but no percentile thresholds, so these are our derivation from real inputs, not PIP's own percentile table. | World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) | Per-country most recent PIP survey (2017-2025) | Automated fetch | 3 tools | 2026-09-12 |
Wealth distribution by country wealth_distribution Illustrative curated estimates of median wealth per adult and wealth Gini, expanded to deciles by a lognormal fit. Not official decile tables. | UBS/Credit Suisse Global Wealth Report | 2023–2024 approximate | Manual | Retired — endpoint sunset 2027-02-28 | 2026-08-29 |
Sourced (28)
The publisher’s own figures, either fetched automatically or transcribed by hand from the publication.
| Dataset | Publisher | Vintage | Refresh | Used by | Last verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ambient PM2.5 concentration air_quality | WHO Global Health Observatory (SDGPM25) | 2023 | Automated fetch | 1 tool | 2026-09-12 |
Benchmark interest rates benchmark_rates | NY Fed (via FRED), European Central Bank, Bank of England | Rolling — latest published observation | Automated fetch | 1 tool | 2026-08-29 |
Business establishment survival rates bls_bed_survival | US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Business Employment Dynamics | 1994–2024 | Automated fetch | 2 tools | 2026-08-29 |
CBOE VIX daily closes vix_daily | Cboe Global Markets | 1990–present | Automated fetch | 1 tool | 2026-08-29 |
Child height-for-age reference growth_reference | WHO Child Growth Standards (2006) and WHO Reference 2007 | 2006 (ages 2–5), 2007 (ages 5–19) | Monitored for change | 1 tool | 2026-09-12 |
Country equity risk premium market_risk_premium | Damodaran Online (NYU Stern) — country equity risk premiums | January 2026 | Monitored for change | 1 tool | 2026-09-12 |
Country safety composite country_safety | World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators; UNODC intentional homicide rate (via World Bank WDI) | Per-country most recent published year | Automated fetch | 1 tool | 2026-09-12 |
Electricity grid carbon intensity carbon_intensity | Ember (yearly electricity data); World Bank (CO2 emissions per capita) | Ember 2025; World Bank 2024 | Automated fetch | 2 tools | 2026-09-12 |
Employer cost — country coverage employer_cost_countries | OECD Taxing Wages | Latest OECD release | Automated fetch | 1 tool | 2026-08-29 |
Employer social contribution rates employer_cost_rates | OECD Taxing Wages | Latest OECD release | Automated fetch | 1 tool | 2026-08-29 |
HICP monthly price index hicp_monthly | Eurostat | Rolling — monthly series | Automated fetch | 1 tool | 2026-08-29 |
Household electricity tariffs electricity_tariffs | Eurostat, household electricity prices (nrg_pc_204) | 2025-S2 — EU, EEA and candidate countries only | Automated fetch | 1 tool | 2026-09-12 |
Income distribution (median and Gini) income_distribution | World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP) | Per-country most recent PIP survey (2017-2025) | Automated fetch | 1 tool | 2026-09-12 |
Income tax brackets (UK, US) tax_brackets | HMRC Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances; IRS Revenue Procedure 2025-32 | UK 2026/27, US 2026 | Monitored for change | 1 tool | 2026-09-12 |
Industry betas sector_betas | Damodaran Online (NYU Stern) — industry betas, US companies | January 2026 | Automated fetch | 1 tool | 2026-09-12 |
Life expectancy at birth life_expectancy | WHO Global Health Observatory (WHOSIS_000001) | 2021 | Automated fetch | 2 tools | 2026-09-12 |
Life tables (survivorship) life_tables | WHO Global Health Observatory abridged life tables (lx) | 2021 — WHO's 19 age groups, interpolated to single years | Automated fetch | 3 tools | 2026-09-12 |
National CPI series cpi_index | World Bank, Consumer price index (FP.CPI.TOTL) | Per-country most recent published year, rebased to 2015 = 100 | Automated fetch | 1 tool | 2026-09-12 |
Net pay — allowances and standard deductions net_pay_allowances | IRS Revenue Procedure 2025-32; gov.uk Personal Allowance | US 2026, UK 2026/27 | Monitored for change | 1 tool | 2026-09-12 |
Net pay — supported jurisdictions net_pay_jurisdictions | IRS Revenue Procedure 2025-32; gov.uk Income Tax rates | US 2026, UK 2026/27 | Monitored for change | 1 tool | 2026-09-12 |
Net pay — tax and contribution brackets net_pay_tax_brackets | IRS Revenue Procedure 2025-32; SSA 2026 COLA (contribution and benefit base); gov.uk Income Tax rates and National Insurance thresholds | US 2026, UK 2026/27 | Monitored for change | 1 tool | 2026-09-12 |
Population age distribution age_distribution | UN World Population Prospects 2024 (medium variant) | 2026 | Automated fetch | 3 tools | 2026-09-12 |
PPP conversion factors ppp_factors | World Bank, PPP conversion factor for private consumption (PA.NUS.PRVT.PP) | 2025 | Automated fetch | 5 tools | 2026-09-12 |
S&P 500 annual returns us_sp500_history | Damodaran Online (NYU Stern) | 1928–2024 | Automated fetch | 1 tool | 2026-08-29 |
Salary by degree field degree_salaries | US BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics; BLS Employment Projections | May 2024 wages; 2025-35 projections — US only | Automated fetch | 2 tools | 2026-09-13 |
Salary by degree field and state degree_salary_states | US BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics | May 2024 — state all-occupations median relative to the national median | Automated fetch | 1 tool | 2026-09-13 |
Statutory late payment reference rates late_payment_rates | European Central Bank, Bank of England | Rolling — current statutory reference rate | Automated fetch | 1 tool | 2026-08-29 |
US CPI-U annual averages us_cpi_history | US Bureau of Labor Statistics (CPI-U, CUUR0000SA0) | 1913–2024 | Automated fetch | 1 tool | 2026-08-29 |